python实现AES加密解密

本文实例为大家分享了python实现AES加密解密的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

（1）对于AES加密解密相关知识

（2）实现的功能就是输入0-16个字符，然后经过AES的加密解密最后可以得到原先的输入，运行的结果如下

开始的字符串就是输入的明文，第一个矩阵，是明文对应的状态矩阵，下面的字典是得到的经过扩展后的密钥，再下面的矩阵是经过加密之后的矩阵，最后的矩阵就是解密之后的矩阵，最后的输出就是还原的明文，可以发现AES加密解密的过程没毛病。

（3）字节代换：输入输出都是十六进制的矩阵格式，define_byte_subdtitution()函数的功能是完成字节代换，首先使用hex_to_int_number()函数将十六进制数转换为对应的十进制数，然后到S盒与逆S盒中进行字节的代换，这个过程中比较麻烦的是S盒与逆S盒数据的输入，好家伙。而逆字节代换就是使用逆S盒；

（4）行移位：输入输出都是十六进制的矩阵格式，define_line_shift()函数是在加密时使用的，define_line_inverse_shift()函数是在解密时使用的；

（5）列混合：输入是使用的十进制矩阵，输出是十六进制的矩阵，在列混合前为了方便操作，使用函数define_column_rotation()将矩阵进行了行列交换位置，然后对每一个数据进行操作，get_2()函数是实现与2相乘的结果，在加密与解密中会多次用到，XOR()函数实现两个二进制数的异或操作，在逆列混合中就是左乘的矩阵有所不同；

（6）轮密钥加：输入输出都是十六进制的矩阵格式，在进行加密解密之前先将密钥进行扩展，得到加解密过程中使用的所有的密钥，并放在一个字典中，然后在加密解密过程中使用相应的密钥即可，get_extend_key()函数得到扩展密钥，一共有44个字，每次在进行轮密钥加时使用4个字，get_round_key_plus()函数实现轮密钥加的操作，就是进行异或操作；

（7）最后就是实现加密与解密的详细的过程，其中的九轮是一样的，最后一轮单独拿出来进行处理即可，主要的问题可能会出现在一些小细节的处理上，像我遇到的就是在解密中控制使用轮密钥的变量k，开始把k放在了10轮循环中，导致k的值一直是初值没有改变，所以加密解密没有成功，之后我就在各个步骤中一个一个的测试，发现字节代换，行移位，列混合，甚至轮密钥加单独使用的时候都可以实现还原明文，然后，我又仔细的检查了下，加密解密的函数，终于发现了这个问题，问题虽小，但是影响很大，使得整个的程序没有得到预想的结果，幸好最后的结局还算满意，就是写的代码有点乱，自己也懒得改了，希望有大佬要是有什么意见，可以随时交流。

import random
 
def get_matrix_of_clear_number(clear_number):
 #得到输入数据对应的十六进制ASCII码矩阵
 dir = {0:[], 1:[], 2:[], 3:[]}
 length = len(clear_number)
 for i in range(length):
 number = ord(clear_number[i])
 dir[i % 4].append(hex(number))
 return dir
 
def get_matrix_of_cipher_number():
 #得到随机生成的密钥的十六进制矩阵 
 dir_number = {10:"A", 11:"B", 12:"C", 13:"D", 14:"E", 15:"F"}
 string = ''
 for i in range(16):
 number = int(random.random() * 16)
 if(number >= 10):
  number = dir_number[number]
 else:
  number = str(number)
 string = string + number
 
 dir = get_matrix_of_clear_number(string)
 return dir
 
def define_S_box(fir_num, last_num):
 #定义S盒
 dir = {
 0:['0x63', '0x7c', '0x77', '0x7b', '0xf2', '0x6b', '0x6f', '0xc5', '0x30', '0x01', '0x67', '0x2b', 
 '0xfe', '0xd7', '0xab', '0x76'],
 1:['0xca', '0x82', '0xc9', '0x7d', '0xfa', '0x59', '0x47', '0xf0', '0xad', '0xd4', '0xa2', '0xaf', '0x9c', '0xa4', '0x72', '0xc0'],
 2:['0xb7', '0xfd', '0x93', '0x26', '0x36', '0x3f', '0xf7', '0xcc', '0x34', '0xa5', '0xe5', '0xf1',  '0x71', '0xd8', '0x31', '0x15'],
 3:['0x04', '0xc7', '0x23', '0xc3', '0x18', '0x96', '0x05', '0x9a', '0x07', '0x12', '0x80', '0xe2', '0xeb', '0x27', '0xb2', '0x75'],
 4:['0x09', '0x83', '0x2c', '0x1a', '0x1b', '0x6e', '0x5a', '0xa0', '0x52', '0x3b', '0xd6', '0xb3', '0x29', '0xe3', '0x2f', '0x84'],
 5:['0x53', '0xd1', '0x00', '0xed', '0x20', '0xfc', '0xb1', '0x5b', '0x6a', '0xcb', '0xbe', '0x39', '0x4a', '0x4c', '0x58', '0xcf'],
 6:['0xd0', '0xef', '0xaa', '0xfb', '0x43', '0x4d', '0x33', '0x85', '0x45', '0xf9', '0x02', '0x7f', 
 '0x50', '0x3c', '0x9f', '0xa8'],
 7:['0x51', '0xa3', '0x40', '0x8f', '0x92', '0x9d', '0x38', '0xf5', '0xbc', '0xb6', '0xda', '0x21', 
 '0x10', '0xff', '0xf3', '0xd2'],
 8:['0xcd', '0x0c', '0x13', '0xec', '0x5f', '0x97', '0x44', '0x17', '0xc4', '0xa7', '0x7e', '0x3d', 
 '0x64', '0x5d', '0x19', '0x73'],
 9:['0x60', '0x81', '0x4f', '0xdc', '0x22', '0x2a', '0x90', '0x88', '0x46', '0xee', '0xb8', '0x14', 
 '0xde', '0x5e', '0x0b', '0xdb'],
 10:['0xe0', '0x32', '0x3a', '0x0a', '0x49', '0x06', '0x24', '0x5c', '0xc2', '0xd3', '0xac', '0x62', '0x91', '0x95', '0xe4', '0x79'],
 11:['0xe7', '0xc8', '0x37', '0x6d', '0x8d', '0xd5', '0x4e', '0xa9', '0x6c', '0x56', '0xf4', '0xea', '0x65', '0x7a', '0xae', '0x08'],
 12:['0xba', '0x78', '0x25', '0x2e', '0x1c', '0xa6', '0xb4', '0xc6', '0xe8', '0xdd', '0x74', '0x1f', '0x4b', '0xbd', '0x8b', '0x8a'],
 13:['0x70', '0x3e', '0xb5', '0x66', '0x48', '0x03', '0xf6', '0x0e', '0x61', '0x35', '0x57', '0xb9', '0x86', '0xc1', '0x1d', '0x9e'],
 14:['0xe1', '0xf8', '0x98', '0x11', '0x69', '0xd9', '0x8e', '0x94', '0x9b', '0x1e', '0x87', '0xe9', '0xce', '0x55', '0x28', '0xdf'],
 15:['0x8c', '0xa1', '0x89', '0x0d', '0xbf', '0xe6', '0x42', '0x68', '0x41', '0x99', '0x2d', '0x0f', '0xb0', '0x54', '0xbb', '0x16']
 } 
 return (dir[fir_num][last_num])
 
def define_inverse_S_box(fir_num, last_num):
 #定义S逆盒
 dir = {
 0:['0x52', '0x09', '0x6a', '0xd5', '0x30', '0x36', '0xa5', '0x38', '0xbf', '0x40', '0xa3', '0x9e', '0x81', '0xf3', '0xd7', '0xfb'],
 1:['0x7c', '0xe3', '0x39', '0x82', '0x9b', '0x2f', '0xff', '0x87', '0x34', '0x8e', '0x43', '0x44', '0xc4', '0xde', '0xe9', '0xcb'],
 2:['0x54', '0x7b', '0x94', '0x32', '0xa6', '0xc2', '0x23', '0x3d', '0xee', '0x4c', '0x95', '0x0b', '0x42', '0xfa', '0xc3', '0x4e'],
 3:['0x08', '0x2e', '0xa1', '0x66', '0x28', '0xd9', '0x24', '0xb2', '0x76', '0x5b', '0xa2', '0x49', '0x6d', '0x8b', '0xd1', '0x25'],
 4:['0x72', '0xf8', '0xf6', '0x64', '0x86', '0x68', '0x98', '0x16', '0xd4', '0xa4', '0x5c', '0xcc', '0x5d', '0x65', '0xb6', '0x92'],
 5:['0x6c', '0x70', '0x48', '0x50', '0xfd', '0xed', '0xb9', '0xda', '0x5e', '0x15', '0x46', '0x57', '0xa7', '0x8d', '0x9d', '0x84'],
 6:['0x90', '0xd8', '0xab', '0x00', '0x8c', '0xbc', '0xd3', '0x0a', '0xf7', '0xe4', '0x58', '0x05', '0xb8', '0xb3', '0x45', '0x06'],
 7:['0xd0', '0x2c', '0x1e', '0x8f', '0xca', '0x3f', '0x0f', '0x02', '0xc1', '0xaf', '0xbd', '0x03', '0x01', '0x13', '0x8a', '0x6b'],
 8:['0x3a', '0x91', '0x11', '0x41', '0x4f', '0x67', '0xdc', '0xea', '0x97', '0xf2', '0xcf', '0xce', '0xf0', '0xb4', '0xe6', '0x73'],
 9:['0x96', '0xac', '0x74', '0x22', '0xe7', '0xad', '0x35', '0x85', '0xe2', '0xf9', '0x37', '0xe8', '0x1c', '0x75', '0xdf', '0x6e'],
 10:['0x47', '0xf1', '0x1a', '0x71', '0x1d', '0x29', '0xc5', '0x89', '0x6f', '0xb7', '0x62', '0x0e', '0xaa', '0x18', '0xbe', '0x1b'],
 11:['0xfc', '0x56', '0x3e', '0x4b', '0xc6', '0xd2', '0x79', '0x20', '0x9a', '0xdb', '0xc0', '0xfe', '0x78', '0xcd', '0x5a', '0xf4'],
 12:['0x1f', '0xdd', '0xa8', '0x33', '0x88', '0x07', '0xc7', '0x31', '0xb1', '0x12', '0x10', '0x59', '0x27', '0x80', '0xec', '0x5f'],
 13:['0x60', '0x51', '0x7f', '0xa9', '0x19', '0xb5', '0x4a', '0x0d', '0x2d', '0xe5', '0x7a', '0x9f', '0x93', '0xc9', '0x9c', '0xef'],
 14:['0xa0', '0xe0', '0x3b', '0x4d', '0xae', '0x2a', '0xf5', '0xb0', '0xc8', '0xeb', '0xbb', '0x3c', '0x83', '0x53', '0x99', '0x61'],
 15:['0x17', '0x2b', '0x04', '0x7e', '0xba', '0x77', '0xd6', '0x26', '0xe1', '0x69', '0x14', '0x63', '0x55', '0x21', '0x0c', '0x7d']
 
 } 
 return (dir[fir_num][last_num])
 
def hex_to_int_number(hex_num, flag):
 #十六进制矩阵转换为十进制矩阵
 number = int(hex_num, 16)
 int_num = number // 16
 int_re = number % 16
 if flag == 1:
 my_number = define_S_box(int_num, int_re)
 else:
 my_number = define_inverse_S_box(int_num, int_re)
 return my_number 
 
def define_byte_subdtitution(dir_new_number, flag):
 #定义字节代换
 dir_1 = {0:[], 1:[], 2:[], 3:[]}
 for j in range(4):
 list_new = []
 list = dir_new_number[j]
 for k in range(4): 
  new_num = hex_to_int_number(list[k], flag)
  list_new.append(new_num)
 dir_1[j] = list_new
 return dir_1
 
 
def define_line_shift(dir_clear_number):
 #进行行移位操作
 for i in range(4):
 my_list = []
 list = dir_clear_number[i]
 for j in range(4):
  my_list.append(list[(j + i) % 4])
 dir_clear_number[i] = my_list
 return dir_clear_number
 
def define_line_inverse_shift(dir_clear_number):
 #进行行移位的逆操作
 for i in range(4):
 my_list = []
 list = dir_clear_number[i]
 for j in range(4):
  my_list.append(list[(j + 4 - i) % 4])
 dir_clear_number[i] = my_list
 return dir_clear_number
 
 
def XOR(string_1, string_2):
 #得到异或后的十进制结果 
 decimal_result = 0
 for i in range(8):
 if string_1[i] != string_2[i]:
  decimal_result += 2 ** (7 - i)
 
 return decimal_result
 
def dex_to_int(string):
 #得到数据二进制到十进制的转换
 my_result = 0
 for k in range(8): 
 if string[k] == '1':
  my_result += 2 ** (7 - k)
 return my_result 
  
def get_2(last_num):
 #得到列混合中乘以2的结果 
 last_num_copy = last_num
 last_num_copy = bin(last_num_copy)[2:].rjust(8, '0')
 judge_num = bin(last_num)[2:] 
 judge_num = last_num_copy[0]
 last_num_copy = last_num_copy[1:]
 last_num_copy += '0'
 
 if judge_num == '1':
 string_judge = '00011011' 
 last_num_copy = bin(XOR(string_judge, last_num_copy))[2:].rjust(8, '0') 
 return last_num_copy
 
def define_column_rotation(dir_clear_number_copy):
 #在列混合中先将列进行旋转
 dir_clear_number = {0:[], 1:[], 2:[], 3:[]}
 for key, num in dir_clear_number_copy.items():
 list = num 
 for i in range(4):
  dir_clear_number[i].append(list[i]) 
 return dir_clear_number
 
def define_column_hybrid(dir_clear_number_copy):
 #进行列混合操作，得到对应的十六进制的矩阵 
 dir_matrix = {
 0:[2, 3, 1, 1],
 1:[1, 2, 3, 1],
 2:[1, 1, 2, 3],
 3:[3, 1, 1, 2]
 }
 dir_clear_number = define_column_rotation(dir_clear_number_copy) 
 dir_new_clear_number = {0:[], 1:[], 2:[], 3:[]}
 
 for i in range(4): 
 list_matrix = dir_matrix[i]
 list = []
 for j in range(4): 
  list_num = dir_clear_number[j] 
  string = '' 
  my_string = '00000000'
 
  for k in range(4):
  if list_matrix[k] == 2:
   string = get_2(list_num[k])
  if list_matrix[k] == 3:
   string = get_2(list_num[k])
   list_num_copy = bin(list_num[k])[2:].rjust(8, '0')
   string = bin(XOR(string, list_num_copy))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  if list_matrix[k] == 1:
   string = bin(list_num[k])[2:].rjust(8, '0') 
  my_string = bin(XOR(my_string, string))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  my_result = dex_to_int(my_string)
  list.append(hex(my_result))
  dir_new_clear_number[i] = list
 return dir_new_clear_number
 
def define_inverse_column_hybrid(dir_clear_number_copy):
 #进行列混合逆操作，得到对应的十六进制的矩阵 
 dir_matrix = {
 0:[14, 11, 13, 9],
 1:[9, 14, 11, 13],
 2:[13, 9, 14, 11],
 3:[11, 13, 9, 14]
 }
 dir_clear_number = define_column_rotation(dir_clear_number_copy)
 
 dir_new_clear_number = {0:[], 1:[], 2:[], 3:[]}
 for i in range(4): 
 list_matrix = dir_matrix[i]
 list = []
 for j in range(4): 
  list_num = dir_clear_number[j] 
  string = '' 
  my_string = '00000000'
  my_result = 0 
   
  for k in range(4):
  if list_matrix[k] == 14:
   string_1 = get_2(list_num[k])
   string_1_int = dex_to_int(string_1)
   string_2 = get_2(string_1_int)
   string_2_int = dex_to_int(string_2)
   string_3 = get_2(string_2_int)
   string = bin(XOR(string_2, string_1))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
   string = bin(XOR(string, string_3))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  if list_matrix[k] == 11:
   string_1 = get_2(list_num[k])
   string_1_int = dex_to_int(string_1)
   string_2 = get_2(string_1_int)
   string_2_int = dex_to_int(string_2)
   string_3 = get_2(string_2_int)
   
   string_4 = bin(list_num[k])[2:].rjust(8, '0') 
   string = bin(XOR(string_3, string_1))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
   string = bin(XOR(string, string_4))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
   
  if list_matrix[k] == 13:
   string_1 = get_2(list_num[k])
   string_1_int = dex_to_int(string_1)
   string_2 = get_2(string_1_int)
   string_2_int = dex_to_int(string_2)
   string_3 = get_2(string_2_int)
   
   string_4 = bin(list_num[k])[2:].rjust(8, '0') 
   string = bin(XOR(string_3, string_2))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
   string = bin(XOR(string, string_4))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  if list_matrix[k] == 9:
   string_1 = get_2(list_num[k])
   string_1_int = dex_to_int(string_1)
   string_2 = get_2(string_1_int)
   string_2_int = dex_to_int(string_2)
   string_3 = get_2(string_2_int)
   
   string_4 = bin(list_num[k])[2:].rjust(8, '0')
   string = bin(XOR(string_3, string_4))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
 
  my_string = bin(XOR(my_string, string))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
 
  my_result = dex_to_int(my_string)
  list.append(hex(my_result))
  dir_new_clear_number[i] = list
 return dir_new_clear_number
 
def hex_to_int(dir_clear_number):
 #将十六进制的矩阵转换为十进制的矩阵
 dir_clear_number_copy = {0:[], 1:[], 2:[], 3:[]}
 for key, num in dir_clear_number.items():
 list = []
 for i in range(4):
  list.append(int(num[i], 16))
 dir_clear_number_copy[key] = list 
 return dir_clear_number_copy
 
def get_4_double(i_num, num, dir_key):
 #在轮密钥加中 ，得到4的倍数
 dir_R = {
 1: ['01','00', '00', '00'],
 2: ['02', '00', '00', '00'],
 3: ['04', '00', '00', '00'],
 4: ['08', '00', '00', '00'],
 5: ['10', '00', '00', '00'],
 6: ['20', '00', '00', '00'],
 7: ['40', '00', '00', '00'],
 8: ['80', '00', '00', '00'],
 9: ['1B', '00', '00', '00'],
 10: ['36', '00', '00', '00']
 }
 list_R = dir_R[i_num // 4 + 1] 
 list = []
 list_dir = dir_key[num - 1]
 #print(list_dir)
 for i in range(4):
 list.append(list_dir[(i + 1) % 4])
 
 for i in range(4): 
 list_int = int(list[i], 16)
 line_number = list_int // 16
 row_number = list_int % 16 
 
 list[i] = define_S_box(line_number, row_number)
 list_new = []
 for i in range(4): 
 num_1 = int(list_R[i], 16)
 num_2 = int(list[i], 16)
 string_1 = bin(num_1)[2:].rjust(8, '0')
 string_2 = bin(num_2)[2:].rjust(8, '0')
 string = XOR(string_1, string_2)
 list_new.append(hex(string))
 return list_new
 
def get_extend_key(dir_cipher_number):
 #得到扩展密钥
 dir_cipher_number_copy = dir_cipher_number
 
 dir_key = {}
 for i in range(44):
 dir_key[i] = []
 
 for j in range(4):
 list = []
 list_dir = dir_cipher_number_copy[j]
 for k in range(4):
  list.append(list_dir[k])
 dir_key[j] = list
 
 for i in range(40):
 num = 4 + i
 if num % 4 == 0:
  list_T = get_4_double(i, num, dir_key)
 else:
  list_T = dir_key[num - 1]
 
 list_key = dir_key[num - 4]
 list = []
 for j in range(4):
  string_1 = bin(int(list_T[j], 16))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  string_2 = bin(int(list_key[j], 16))[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  string = XOR(string_1, string_2)
  list.append(hex(string))
 dir_key[4 + i] = list
 return dir_key
 
def get_round_key_plus(clear_number, dir_key_extend):
 #进行轮密钥加的操作
 dir_new_number = {0:[], 1:[], 2:[], 3:[]}
 for i in range(4):
 list_number = clear_number[i]
 list_key = dir_key_extend[i]
 list = []
 for j in range(4):
  number = int(list_number[j], 16)
  key = int(list_key[j], 16)
  string_num = bin(number)[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  string_key = bin(key)[2:].rjust(8, '0')
  result_int = XOR(string_num, string_key)
  list.append(hex(result_int))
 dir_new_number[i] = list
 return dir_new_number
 
def define_encryption(clear_number, dir_key_extend):
 #对明文进行轮密钥加
 dir_new_number = get_round_key_plus(clear_number, dir_key_extend)
 
 #进行中间的十轮运算
 for i in range(10): 
 num = 4 * (i + 1)
 dir_key_extend_part = {}
 
 for j in range(4):
  dir_key_extend_part[j] = dir_key_extend[num]
  num += 1
 
 #字节代换
 dir_1 = define_byte_subdtitution(dir_new_number, 1)
 
 #行移位
 dir_1 = define_line_shift(dir_1)
 
 #定义列混合操作
 if i != 9:
  dir_1 = hex_to_int(dir_1)
  dir_1 = define_column_hybrid(dir_1)
 
 #定义轮密钥加
 dir_1 = get_round_key_plus(dir_1, dir_key_extend_part)
 dir_new_number = dir_1
 
 return dir_new_number
 
def define_decryption(clear_number, dir_key_extend):
 #对密文进行轮密钥加
 dir_key_extend_part = {
  0: dir_key_extend[40],
  1: dir_key_extend[41],
  2: dir_key_extend[42],
  3: dir_key_extend[43]
  }
 dir_new_number = get_round_key_plus(clear_number, dir_key_extend_part)
 
 #进行中间的十轮运算
 k = 9
 for i in range(10):  
 num = 4 * k
 dir_key_extend_part = {}
 for j in range(4):
  dir_key_extend_part[j] = dir_key_extend[num]
  num += 1
 k -= 1
 
 #逆行移位
 dir_1 = define_line_inverse_shift(dir_new_number)
 
 #逆字节代换
 dir_1 = define_byte_subdtitution(dir_1, 0)
  
 #定义轮密钥加
 dir_1 = get_round_key_plus(dir_1, dir_key_extend_part)
 dir_new_number = dir_1
 
 #定义逆列混合操作
 if i != 9:
  dir_1 = hex_to_int(dir_1)
  dir_1 = define_inverse_column_hybrid(dir_1)
 dir_new_number = dir_1
 return dir_new_number
 
def print_(dir_num):
 #测试输出字典
 for key, num in dir_num.items():
 print(num)
 
def get_outcome(dir_num):
 #输出解密之后的内容
 dir_num = define_column_rotation(dir_num)
 string = ''
 for i in range(4):
 list_num = dir_num[i]
 for j in range(4):
  num = list_num[j]
  num = chr(int(num, 16))
  string += num
 return string 
 
def get_standard_input(string):
 #得到16个字符的输入
 length = len(string)
 length = 16 - length
 for i in range(length):
 string += '0'
 return string 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 print("Enter numbers( 0 - 16 number, if less than 16, it will fill with '0' by default): ")
 clear_number = input()
 clear_number = get_standard_input(clear_number)
 
 #得到明文矩阵
 dir_clear_number = get_matrix_of_clear_number(clear_number)
 
 print_(dir_clear_number) #输出明文矩阵
 print("n")
 
 #得到密文矩阵
 dir_cipher_number = get_matrix_of_cipher_number()
 
 #得到扩展的密钥
 dir_key_extend = get_extend_key(dir_cipher_number)
 
 print(dir_key_extend) #输出扩展密钥
 print("n")
 
 dir_new_encrypt_number = define_encryption(dir_clear_number, dir_key_extend)
 print_(dir_new_encrypt_number) #输出密文矩阵
 print("n")
 
 dir_orinal_ = define_decryption(dir_new_encrypt_number, dir_key_extend)
 print_(dir_orinal_) #输出解密后的矩阵
 
 dir_ = get_outcome(dir_orinal_)
 print(dir_) #输出解密后的原文

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持来客网。