详解Webpack4多页应用打包方案

前言

学习了 webpack 之后,将自己的博客的前端进行重构,由于自己的博客是多页应用,所以研究了下多页应用的打包方案。在这里把最后配置的成果分享下,不足之处,请指正。(文字不多,全是代码,不是配置教程,所以没有特别详细的写,只是一个参考)

项目地址: https://github.com/Ray-daydayup/MPA-webpack

文件目录结构

项目目录结构

首先先看下我的项目的目录结构

myblog-webpack
 ├── dist           // 打包输出文件夹
 ├── src           // 源代码
 │  ├── api         // 请求文件夹,存放封装的请求方法
 │  ├── assets        // 静态资源文件夹
 │  ├── lib         // 一些库
 │  ├── pages        // 页面
 │  │  ├── about      // 页面名称
 │  │  │  ├── index.html  // html模板
 │  │  │  └── index.js   // 入口js
 │  │  ├── category
 │  │  │  ├── index.html
 │  │  │  └── index.js
 │  │  ├── detail
 │  │  │  ├── index.html
 │  │  │  └── index.js
 │  │  ├── index
 │  │  │  ├── index.html
 │  │  │  └── index.js
 │  │  └── tag
 │  │    ├── index.html
 │  │    └── index.js
 │  ├── styles       // 样式文件
 │  └── utils        // 工具函数
 ├── package.json
 ├── README.md
 ├── package-lock.json
 ├── webpack.base.js    // 公共配置
 ├── webpack.dev.js     // 开发环境配置
 └── webpack.prod.js    // 生产环境配置

打包输出文件目录结构

最终打包输出的目录如下

dist
 ├── assets
 ├── css
 │  ├── commons672a1e57.css
 │  └── index6085d612.css
 ├── js
 │  ├── aboutfc723f0e.js
 │  ├── categorye4be3bd6.js
 │  ├── commons78f1dd3f.js
 │  ├── detail0df434c5.js
 │  ├── indexe1e985d9.js
 │  ├── markdown-it
 │  │  ├── highlight.vendors.js
 │  │  ├── markdown-it-integrated.js
 │  │  ├── markdown-it-integrated.min.js
 │  │  ├── markdown-it-integrated.min.js.LICENSE.txt
 │  │  └── markdown-it.vendors.js
 │  └── tagf1c1035c.js
 ├── about.html
 ├── category.html
 ├── detail.html
 ├── favicon.ico
 ├── index.html
 └── tag.html

webpack 配置文件

注意:文中各部分所需的包名,并没有书写,请在附录中查找!!!相关配置的意义可以查找官方文档

公共配置

动态获取 entry 和设置 html-webpack-plugin

多页应用的打包思路是 每个页面对应一个 entry ,一个 html-webpack-plugin ,但每次新增或删除页面需要改 webpack 配置,所以需要根据文件目录动态获取入口,来设置 html-webpack-plugin 。

利用一个库 glob 来实现对文件目录的读取 具体代码如下,相关配置的意义可以查找官方文档

const path = require('path')
const glob = require('glob')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')

const setMPA = () => {
 const entry = {}
 const htmlWebpackPlugins = []
 const entryFiles = glob.sync(path.join(__dirname, './src/pages/*/index.js')) // 匹配各页面的对应入口文件
 entryFiles.forEach((item) => {
  const pageName = item.match(/pages\/(.*)\/index.js/)[1] // 获取文件夹名,即页面名称
  entry[pageName] = item                  // 设置入口文件路径
  // 设置html-webpack-plugin数组
  htmlWebpackPlugins.push(
   new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
    template: path.join(__dirname, `./src/pages/${pageName}/index.html`),//模板地址
    filename: `${pageName}.html`, //输出文件名
    chunks: [pageName], // 插入的js chunk名称,和output有关
    inject: true,    
    favicon: path.join(__dirname, './src/assets/favicon.ico'), // 图标
    minify: { //压缩代码
     html5: true,
     collapseWhitespace: true,
     preserveLineBreaks: false,
     minifyCSS: true,
     minifyJS: true,
     removeComments: false
    }
   })
  )
 })
 return {
  entry,
  htmlWebpackPlugins
 }
}

const { entry, htmlWebpackPlugins } = setMPA()

使用 ES6 和 async、await ,以及 eslint

使用 ES6 和 async、await 以及 eslint ,需要借助 babel-loader 和 eslint-loader ,其具体配置很简单

babel 相关的库: @babel/core 、 @babel/preset-env 、 @babel/plugin-transform-regenerator 、 @babel/plugin-transform-runtime 、 eslint 相关的库: babel-eslint 、 eslint

module.rules 的配置

{
  test: /\.js$/,
  use: ['babel-loader', 'eslint-loader']
}

.babelrc 文件的配置

{
 "presets": [
  "@babel/preset-env"
 ],
 "plugins": [ //设置支持async和await
  "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime",
  "@babel/plugin-transform-regenerator"
 ]
}

.eslintrc.js 的配置

module.exports = {
 parser: 'babel-eslint',
 extends: ['alloy'], // eslint标准请自行选择下载
 env: {
  browser: true,
  node: true
 },
 rules: {
  'no-new': 'off',
  'no-proto': 'off'
  // 'no-console': 'error'
 }
}

加载图片

利用 url-loader ,具体 module.rules 配置如下

{
  test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif)$/,
  use: [
   {
    loader: 'url-loader',
    options: {
     esModule: false,
     name: '[name][hash:8].[ext]', //文件指纹
     limit: 10240,         // 转base64
     outputPath: './assets/images/' // 图片文件输出目录和publicPath有关
    }
   }
  ]
 }

清理打包目录和复制文件到打包目录

自动清理打包目录利用 clean-webpack-plugin 插件,复制文件利用 copy-webpack-plugin

const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin')
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')

const basePlugins = [
 ...htmlWebpackPlugins, //之前配置的htmlWebpackPlugin数组
 new CleanWebpackPlugin(), // 自动清理构建目录
 new CopyWebpackPlugin({
  patterns: [
   {
    from: path.join(__dirname, 'src/lib/markdown-it'), // 源
    to: path.join(__dirname, 'dist/js/markdown-it') // 目标位置
   }
  ]
 })
]

.browserslistrc 配置

# Browsers that we support

last 2 version
> 1%
iOS 7

开发环境配置

热更新以及 devServer

具体配置如下:

plugins: [...basePlugins, new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()], //热更新插件
devServer: {
  contentBase: 'dist', // 开启服务的目录
  hot: true, //热更新开启
  proxy: {
   '/api': {
    target: 'http://raydaydayup.cn:3000', //代理
    pathRewrite: { '^/api': '' }
   }
  }
}

CSS 相关配置

module.rules 的配置如下

{
  test: /\.less$/,
  use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'less-loader']
},
{
  test: /\.css$/,
  use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader']
}

出口

output: {
  filename: '[name].js',
  path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist')
}

生产环境配置

出口

output: {
  filename: 'js/[name][chunkhash:8].js', // 统一输出到js文件夹
  path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist'),
  publicPath: '/' // 服务路径
}

js 代码压缩

利用 terser-webpack-plugin 插件,配置 optimization

const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin')

optimization: {
  minimize: true,
  minimizer: [
   new TerserPlugin({
    include: [/\.js$/]
   })
  ]
}

CSS 相关配置

CSS 代码压缩,利用 optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin 和 cssnano

const OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')

plugins: [
 new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin({
   assetNameRegExp: /\.css$/g,
   cssProcessor: require('cssnano')
  })
]

CSS 分离单独文件,利用 mini-css-extract-plugin

const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin')

module: {
 rules: [
   ...baseModuleRules,
   {
    test: /\.less$/,
    use: [
     {
      loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
      options: {
       esModule: true
      }
     },
     'css-loader',
     'less-loader'
    ]
   },
   {
    test: /\.css$/,
    use: [
     {
      loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
      options: {
       esModule: true
      }
     },
     'css-loader'
    ]
   }
  ]
},
plugins: [
  ...basePlugins,
  new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
   filename: 'css/[name][contenthash:8].css' // 输出文件名和地址
  }),
 ],

PostCSS 插件 autoprefixer 自动补齐 CSS3 前缀

module: {
  rules: [
   ...baseModuleRules,
   {
    test: /\.less$/,
    use: [
     {
      loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
      options: {
       esModule: true
      }
     },
     'css-loader',
     {
      loader: 'postcss-loader',
      options: {
       plugins: () => [require('autoprefixer')]
      }
     },
     'less-loader'
    ]
   },
  ]
 },

分离公共文件(CSS和JS)

配置 optimization.splitChunks

optimization: {
  splitChunks: {
   cacheGroups: {
    commons: {
     name: 'commons',
     chunks: 'all',
     minChunks: 2 // 最少引用两次
    }
   }
  }
 }

使用相关注意

html-webpack-plugin 模板使用以及 html-loader

导入 html 片段,在相应位置写下面的代码就像,需要注意的是, html-loader 加载的 html 片段内部 <%%> 语法会失效

<%= require("html-loader!@/components/recent.html") %>

html 中图片的加载。在 html 中相关的 img 标签的图片, html-loader 加载时会自动调用 url-loader ,但是存在问题,加载出来的路径没有 "" 。为了避免这个问题,我就没有再 html-loader 加载的 html 片段中使用图片,而是直接再 html 模

板中直接用 require

<img src="<%= require('@/assets/logo362x82.png') %>" alt="" />

附录

配置文件完整版

webpack.base.js

const { CleanWebpackPlugin } = require('clean-webpack-plugin')

const path = require('path')
const glob = require('glob')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')

const setMPA = () => {
 const entry = {}
 const htmlWebpackPlugins = []
 const entryFiles = glob.sync(path.join(__dirname, './src/pages/*/index.js'))
 entryFiles.forEach((item) => {
  const pageName = item.match(/pages\/(.*)\/index.js/)[1]
  entry[pageName] = item
  htmlWebpackPlugins.push(
   new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
    template: path.join(__dirname, `./src/pages/${pageName}/index.html`),
    filename: `${pageName}.html`,
    chunks: [pageName],
    inject: true,
    favicon: path.join(__dirname, './src/assets/favicon.ico'),
    minify: {
     html5: true,
     collapseWhitespace: true,
     preserveLineBreaks: false,
     minifyCSS: true,
     minifyJS: true,
     removeComments: false
    }
   })
  )
 })
 return {
  entry,
  htmlWebpackPlugins
 }
}

const { entry, htmlWebpackPlugins } = setMPA()

const baseModuleRules = [
 {
  test: /\.js$/,
  use: ['babel-loader', 'eslint-loader']
 },
 {
  test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|gif)$/,
  use: [
   {
    loader: 'url-loader',
    options: {
     esModule: false,
     name: '[name][hash:8].[ext]',
     limit: 10240,
     outputPath: './assets/images/'
    }
   }
  ]
 }
]

const basePlugins = [
 ...htmlWebpackPlugins,
 new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
 new CopyWebpackPlugin({
  patterns: [
   {
    from: path.join(__dirname, 'src/lib/markdown-it'),
    to: path.join(__dirname, 'dist/js/markdown-it')
   }
  ]
 })
]
module.exports = {
 entry,
 baseModuleRules,
 basePlugins
}

webpack.dev.js

const webpack = require('webpack')
const path = require('path')
const { entry, baseModuleRules, basePlugins } = require('./webpack.base.js')

module.exports = {
 mode: 'development',
 entry,
 output: {
  filename: '[name].js',
  path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist')
 },
 module: {
  rules: [
   ...baseModuleRules,
   {
    test: /\.less$/,
    use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader', 'less-loader']
   },
   {
    test: /\.css$/,
    use: ['style-loader', 'css-loader']
   }
  ]
 },
 resolve: {
  // 设置别名
  alias: {
   '@': path.join(__dirname, 'src') // 这样配置后 @ 可以指向 src 目录
  }
 },
 plugins: [...basePlugins, new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()],
 devServer: {
  contentBase: 'dist',
  hot: true,
  proxy: {
   '/api': {
    target: 'http://raydaydayup.cn:3000',
    pathRewrite: { '^/api': '' }
   }
  }
 }
}

webpack.prod.js

const { entry, baseModuleRules, basePlugins } = require('./webpack.base.js')
const path = require('path')
const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin')
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin')
const OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')
module.exports = {
 mode: 'production',
 entry,
 output: {
  filename: 'js/[name][chunkhash:8].js',
  path: path.join(__dirname, 'dist'),
  publicPath: '/'
 },
 resolve: {
  // 设置别名
  alias: {
   '@': path.resolve('src') // 这样配置后 @ 可以指向 src 目录
  }
 },
 module: {
  rules: [
   ...baseModuleRules,
   {
    test: /\.less$/,
    use: [
     {
      loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
      options: {
       esModule: true
      }
     },
     'css-loader',
     {
      loader: 'postcss-loader',
      options: {
       plugins: () => [require('autoprefixer')]
      }
     },
     'less-loader'
    ]
   },
   {
    test: /\.css$/,
    use: [
     {
      loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
      options: {
       esModule: true
      }
     },
     'css-loader'
    ]
   }
  ]
 },
 plugins: [
  ...basePlugins,
  new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
   filename: 'css/[name][contenthash:8].css'
  }),
  new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin({
   assetNameRegExp: /\.css$/g,
   cssProcessor: require('cssnano')
  })
 ],
 optimization: {
  minimize: true,
  minimizer: [
   new TerserPlugin({
    include: [/\.js$/]
   })
  ],
  splitChunks: {
   cacheGroups: {
    commons: {
     name: 'commons',
     chunks: 'all',
     minChunks: 2
    }
   }
  }
 }
}

package.json文件

{
 "name": "myblog-webpack",
 "version": "1.0.0",
 "description": "",
 "main": ".eslintrc.js",
 "scripts": {
  "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
  "build": "webpack --config webpack.prod.js",
  "dev": "webpack-dev-server --config webpack.dev.js --open"
 },
 "keywords": [],
 "author": "",
 "license": "ISC",
 "devDependencies": {
  "@babel/core": "^7.10.2",
  "@babel/plugin-transform-regenerator": "^7.10.3",
  "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.10.3",
  "@babel/preset-env": "^7.10.2",
  "autoprefixer": "^9.8.4",
  "babel-eslint": "^10.1.0",
  "babel-loader": "^8.1.0",
  "clean-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
  "copy-webpack-plugin": "^6.0.3",
  "css-loader": "^3.6.0",
  "cssnano": "^4.1.10",
  "eslint": "^7.2.0",
  "eslint-config-alloy": "^3.7.2",
  "eslint-loader": "^4.0.2",
  "file-loader": "^6.0.0",
  "glob": "^7.1.6",
  "html-loader": "^1.1.0",
  "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.3.0",
  "less-loader": "^6.1.2",
  "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.9.0",
  "optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^5.0.3",
  "postcss-loader": "^3.0.0",
  "style-loader": "^1.2.1",
  "terser-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.5",
  "url-loader": "^4.1.0",
  "webpack": "^4.43.0",
  "webpack-cli": "^3.3.11",
  "webpack-dev-server": "^3.11.0"
 },
 "dependencies": {
  "axios": "^0.19.2"
 }
}

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