MongoDB 导出导入备份恢复数据详解及实例

数据库备份和数据恢复的重要性,我想大家都知道,这里就举例说明如何操作数据备份,数据恢复的实例:

创建测试数据

创建db:testdb,collection:user,插入10条记录

mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db.user.insert({id:1,name:"用户1"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:2,name:"用户2"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:3,name:"用户3"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:4,name:"用户4"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:5,name:"用户5"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:6,name:"用户6"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:7,name:"用户7"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:8,name:"用户8"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:9,name:"用户9"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:10,name:"用户10"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> 
> db.user.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "用户1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "用户2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "用户3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"), "id" : 4, "name" : "用户4" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"), "id" : 5, "name" : "用户5" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"), "id" : 6, "name" : "用户6" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"), "id" : 7, "name" : "用户7" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"), "id" : 8, "name" : "用户8" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"), "id" : 9, "name" : "用户9" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"), "id" : 10, "name" : "用户10" }

数据导出 mongoexport

参数说明:

-d     数据库名
-c     collection名
-o     输出的文件名
--type 输出的格式,默认为json
-f     输出的字段,如果--type为csv,则需要加上 -f "字段名"

更多参数说明可参考 mongoexport –help

例子:导出user所有记录到/tmp/user.json

mongoexport -d testdb -c user -o /tmp/user.json
2016-05-31T20:00:32.257+0800  connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:00:32.286+0800  exported 10 records

cat /tmp/user.json
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"},"id":1,"name":"用户1"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"},"id":2,"name":"用户2"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"},"id":3,"name":"用户3"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"},"id":4,"name":"用户4"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"},"id":5,"name":"用户5"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"},"id":6,"name":"用户6"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"},"id":7,"name":"用户7"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"},"id":8,"name":"用户8"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"},"id":9,"name":"用户9"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"},"id":10,"name":"用户10"}

例子:导出user所有id到/tmp/user.csv

格式为csv但不指定字段会出错

mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -o /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:01:05.393+0800  Failed: CSV mode requires a field list

mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -f "id" -o /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:01:46.510+0800  connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:01:46.534+0800  exported 10 records

cat /tmp/user.csv
id
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

数据导入 mongoimport

参数说明:

-d           数据库名
-c           collection名
--type       导入的格式,默认json
-f           导入的字段名
--headerline 如果导入的格式是csv,则可以使用第一行的标题作为导入的字段
--file       要导入的文件

更多参数说明可参考 mongoimport –help

导入前先清空collection user

> db.user.drop();
true
> db.user.find();
> 

例子:把上例导出的user.json导入

mongoimport -d testdb -c user --file /tmp/user.json
2016-05-31T20:10:22.240+0800  connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:10:22.287+0800  imported 10 documents

例子:把上例导出的user.csv导入

mongoimport -d testdb -c user --type csv --headerline --file /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:11:28.975+0800  connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:11:29.003+0800  imported 10 documents

数据备份 mongodump

参数说明:

-d 数据库名
-c collection名
-o 备份的文件路径

更多参数说明可参考 mongodump –help

例子:把testdb的user备份到/tmp

mongodump -d testdb -c user -o /tmp
2016-05-31T20:18:25.813+0800  writing testdb.user to /tmp/testdb/user.bson
2016-05-31T20:18:25.818+0800  writing testdb.user metadata to /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json
2016-05-31T20:18:25.849+0800  done dumping testdb.user

数据恢复 mongorestore

参数说明:

-d 数据库名
-c collection名

更多参数说明可参考 mongorestore –help

导入前先清空collection user

> db.user.drop();
true
> db.user.find();
>

例子:把上例备份的数据恢复

mongorestore -d testdb -c user /tmp/testdb/user.bson 
2016-05-31T20:21:23.050+0800  checking for collection data in /tmp/testdb/user.bson
2016-05-31T20:21:23.084+0800  reading metadata file from /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json
2016-05-31T20:21:23.088+0800  restoring testdb.user from file /tmp/testdb/user.bson
2016-05-31T20:21:23.153+0800  restoring indexes for collection testdb.user from metadata
2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800  finished restoring testdb.user
2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800  done

感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!