TLP：一个可以延长Linux笔记本电池寿命的高级电源管理工具

笔记本电池是针对 Windows 操作系统进行了高度优化的，当我在笔记本电脑中使用 Windows 操作系统时，我已经意识到这一点，但对于 Linux 来说却不一样。

多年来，Linux 在电池优化方面取得了很大进步，但我们仍然需要做一些必要的事情来改善 Linux 中笔记本电脑的电池寿命。

当我考虑延长电池寿命时，我没有多少选择，但我觉得 TLP 对我来说是一个更好的解决方案，所以我会继续使用它。

在本教程中，我们将详细讨论 TLP 以延长电池寿命。

我们之前在我们的网站上写过三篇关于 Linux 笔记本电池节电工具 的文章：PowerTOP 和 电池充电状态。

TLP

TLP 是一款自由开源的高级电源管理工具，可在不进行任何配置更改的情况下延长电池寿命。

由于它的默认配置已针对电池寿命进行了优化，因此你可能只需要安装，然后就忘记它吧。

此外，它可以高度定制化，以满足你的特定要求。TLP 是一个具有自动后台任务的纯命令行工具。它不包含GUI。

TLP 适用于各种品牌的笔记本电脑。设置电池充电阈值仅适用于 IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad。

所有 TLP 设置都存储在 /etc/default/tlp 中。其默认配置提供了开箱即用的优化的节能设置。

以下 TLP 设置可用于自定义，如果需要，你可以相应地进行必要的更改。

TLP 功能

如何在 Linux 上安装 TLP

TLP 包在大多数发行版官方存储库中都可用，因此，使用发行版的 包管理器 来安装它。

对于 Fedora 系统，使用 DNF 命令 安装 TLP。

$ sudo dnf install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

$ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm$ sudo dnf install http://repo.linrunner.de/fedora/tlp/repos/releases/tlp-release.fc$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm$ sudo dnf install akmod-tp_smapi akmod-acpi_call kernel-devel

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo dnf install smartmontools

对于 Debian/Ubuntu 系统，使用 APT-GET 命令 或 APT 命令 安装 TLP。

$ sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

$ sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

当基于 Ubuntu 的系统的官方软件***时时，请使用以下 PPA 存储库，该存储库提供***版本。运行以下命令以使用 PPA 安装 TLP。

$ sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，使用 Pacman 命令 安装 TLP。

$ sudo pacman -S tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

$ pacman -S tp_smapi acpi_call

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo pacman -S smartmontools

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，在启动时启用 TLP 和 TLP-Sleep 服务。

$ sudo systemctl enable tlp.service$ sudo systemctl enable tlp-sleep.service

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，你还应该屏蔽以下服务以避免冲突，并确保 TLP 的无线电设备切换选项的正确操作。

$ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.service$ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.socket

对于 RHEL/CentOS 系统，使用 YUM 命令 安装 TLP。

$ sudo yum install tlp tlp-rdw

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo yum install smartmontools

对于 openSUSE Leap 系统，使用 Zypper 命令 安装 TLP。

$ sudo zypper install TLP

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo zypper install smartmontools

成功安装 TLP 后，使用以下命令启动服务。

$ systemctl start tlp.service

使用方法

显示电池信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -b或$ sudo tlp-stat --battery

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ Battery Status/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer                   = SMP/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name                     = L14M4P23/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count                    = (not supported)/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design             =  60000 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full                    =  48850 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now                     =  48850 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now                      =      0 [mW]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status                         = Full Charge                                                      =  100.0 [%]Capacity                                                    =   81.4 [%]

显示磁盘信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -d或$ sudo tlp-stat --disk

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ Storage Devices/dev/sda:  Model     = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1                      Firmware  = 02.01A02  APM Level = 128  Status    = active/idle  Scheduler = mq-deadline   Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)   SMART info:      4 Start_Stop_Count          =    18787       5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct     =        0       9 Power_On_Hours            =      606 [h]     12 Power_Cycle_Count         =     1792     193 Load_Cycle_Count          =    25775     194 Temperature_Celsius       =       31    [°C]  +++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm +++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on

显示 PCI 设备信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -e或$ sudo tlp-stat --pcie

$ sudo tlp-stat -eor$ sudo tlp-stat --pcie --- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ Runtime Power ManagementDevice blacklist = (not configured)Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.0/power/control = auto (0x0c0330, USB controller, xhci_hcd) ......

显示图形卡信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -g或$ sudo tlp-stat --graphics

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ Intel Graphics/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc        = -1 (use per-chip default)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc       =  1 (enabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr       =  0 (disabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset          = -1 (use per-chip default)

显示处理器信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -p或$ sudo tlp-stat --processor

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ ProcessorCPU model      = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver    = intel_pstate/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor  = powersave/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq  =   800000 [kHz]/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq  =  3500000 [kHz]/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_preference = balance_power/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_available_preferences = default performance balance_performance balance_power power  ...... /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct      =  22 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct      = 100 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo          =   0/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct         =  33 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates       =  28 x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed. /sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient       = Y/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog                          = 0 +++ UndervoltingPHC kernel not available.

显示系统数据信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -s或$ sudo tlp-stat --system

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ System InfoSystem         = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NVBIOS           = CDCN35WWRelease        = "Manjaro Linux"Kernel         = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64/proc/cmdline  = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573bInit system    = systemd Boot mode      = BIOS (CSM, Legacy) +++ TLP StatusState          = enabledLast run       = 11:04:00  IST,    596 sec(s) agoMode           = batteryPower source   = battery

显示温度和风扇速度信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -t或$ sudo tlp-stat --temp

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ TemperaturesCPU temp               =    36 [°C]Fan speed              = (not available)

显示 USB 设备数据信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -u或$ sudo tlp-stat --usb

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ USBAutosuspend         = disabledDevice whitelist    = (not configured)Device blacklist    = (not configured)Bluetooth blacklist = disabledPhone blacklist     = disabledWWAN blacklist      = enabled Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms =     0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms =  2000 -- Syntek  (uvcvideo) ......

显示警告信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -w或$ sudo tlp-stat --warn

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- No warnings detected.

状态报告及配置和所有活动的设置

$ sudo tlp-stat

--- TLP 1.1 -------------------------------------------- +++ Configured Settings: /etc/default/tlpTLP_ENABLE=1TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=ACTLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=0DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60 ...... +++ System InfoSystem = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NVBIOS = CDCN35WWRelease = "Manjaro Linux"Kernel = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64/proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573bInit system = systemdBoot mode = BIOS (CSM, Legacy) +++ TLP StatusState = enabledLast run = 11:04:00 IST, 684 sec(s) agoMode = batteryPower source = battery +++ ProcessorCPU model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave ...... /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 22 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct = 33 [%]/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates = 28 x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed. /sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient = Y/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0 +++ UndervoltingPHC kernel not available. +++ TemperaturesCPU temp = 42 [°C]Fan speed = (not available) +++ File System/proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode = 2/proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs = 6000/proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000/proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio = 20/proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio = 10 +++ Storage Devices/dev/sda: Model = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1 Firmware = 02.01A02 APM Level = 128 Status = active/idle Scheduler = mq-deadline  Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)  SMART info: 4 Start_Stop_Count = 18787 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 0 9 Power_On_Hours = 606 [h] 12 Power_Cycle_Count = 1792 193 Load_Cycle_Count = 25777 194 Temperature_Celsius = 31 [°C]  +++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm/sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm +++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on +++ PCIe Active State Power Management/sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy = powersave +++ Intel Graphics/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc = -1 (use per-chip default)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = 1 (enabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr = 0 (disabled)/sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset = -1 (use per-chip default) +++ Wirelessbluetooth = onwifi = onwwan = none (no device) hci0(btusb) : bluetooth, not connectedwlp8s0(iwlwifi) : wifi, connected, power management = on +++ Audio/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save = 1/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save_controller = Y +++ Runtime Power ManagementDevice blacklist = (not configured)Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915) ...... +++ USBAutosuspend = disabledDevice whitelist = (not configured)Device blacklist = (not configured)Bluetooth blacklist = disabledPhone blacklist = disabledWWAN blacklist = enabled Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Syntek (uvcvideo)Bus 001 Device 002 ID 17ef:6053 control = on, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Lenovo (usbhid)Bus 001 Device 004 ID 8087:0a2b control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Intel Corp. (btusb)Bus 001 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0002 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub (hub) +++ Battery Status/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer = SMP/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name = L14M4P23/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count = (not supported)/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design = 60000 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full = 51690 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now = 50140 [mWh]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now = 12185 [mW]/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status = Discharging Charge = 97.0 [%]Capacity = 86.2 [%]